Speech sounds are classified as voiced and unvoiced.  Ask a student to watch your mouth as you say the /b/ sound or the word ball.  Then, ask them to watch you say the /p/ sound or the word pig. The placement of your lips is the same, but the /p/ is unvoiced and produces air out of your mouth. (You can have the student place their hand in front of their mouth to feel the air as they say it.)  The /b/ sound is voiced and causes a kind of vibration as you say it.  June Lyday Orton’s scope and sequence introduced several unequivocal sounds before introducing this first voiced and unvoiced pair of consonants, which helps struggling students who might confuse the sounds.  Students can learn to use the /p/ as a beginning sound and then as an ending sound to produce the word family -ap.  A new red word, of, has been introduced in this story.